What are the commands that give HTML documents their functionality called?

The terms that give HTML documents their functionality are called "tags." Tags are the building blocks of HTML and are used to structure web content. Each HTML element is defined by a tag that typically comprises an opening tag and a closing tag, with the content enclosed between them. Tags inform the web browser how to display content, such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, and other multimedia elements.

For instance, the <h1> tag indicates a main heading, while the <p> tag designates a paragraph. This semantic structure allows browsers to render the content appropriately visually and functionally, facilitating interactions such as hyperlinks and forms. In contrast, the other terms listed do not represent the foundational elements that contribute to the functionality of HTML documents.